Multiple-cylinder hydrocarbon-engine.



No. 758,854. PATENTED MAY 3, 1904.

- E. L. EUssELL.

MULTIPLE CYLINDER HYDROGARBON ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 22, 1901.

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APPLIOATION FILED MAY 22, 1901.

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No. 758,854. PATENTED MAY- 3, 1904. E. L. RUSSELL.

MULTIPLE CYLINDER HYDROGARBON ENGINE.

APPLICATION IILBD MAY 22, 1901.

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No. 758,854. PATENTED MAY 3, 1904. E. L. RUSSELL.

MULTIPLE CYLINDER HYDROGARBON ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 22, 1901. N0 MODEL.

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No. 758,854. PATENTED MAY 3, 1904. E. L. RUSSELL. MULTIPLE CYLINDERHYDROOARBON ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 22, 1901.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDl/VIN L. RUSSELL, OF DALLAS, TEXAS, ASSIGNOR TO RUSSELL MOTOR VEHICLECOMPANY, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF ARI- ZONA TERRITORY.

MULTIPLE- 'CYLINDER HYDROCARBON-ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 258,854, dated May 3,1904.

Application filed May 22, 1901. Serial No. 61,4:41. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern: to ports in rotary valve and in thecylinders.

Be it known that I, EDWIN L. RUssELL,aciti- Figs. 9 and 10 are similarviews showing the 3 zen of the United States, residing at Dallas,relative positions of intake and exhaust Texas, have invented a new andImproved grooves in the oscillating valves to ports in Multiple-CylinderHydrocarbon-Engine, of the rotary valveand the cylinders after the whichthe following is a specification. engine is reversed, the sections beingmade,

This invention relates to engines provided respectively, through groovesh, '2', and j, with a plurality of cylinders, the cylinders and Zr, Z,on, and a of Fig. 5. Fig. 11 is a being fed by a common rotary valve andthe cross section through groove 0* of Fig. 5.

I pistons of the cylinders being adapted to drive Fig. 12 is across-section through groove (0 of a common crank-shaft which isprovided with Fig. 5. Fig. 13 is across-section through gearing fordriving the rotary valve, and to grooves c and (Z of Fig. 5. Fig. 14 isa view means for starting and reversing the engine. from the bottom ofthe hill-climbing gear or The object is to construct an engine whichback gear and the pump which is operated au- 15 is light and compact andwhich gives a steady tomatically by the engine for securing a suppowerfor driving purposes and which may ply of compressed air. Fig. 15 is ahorizonbe started or reversed or stopped with little tal section of thefour-way valve. Fig. 16 is 5 effort. I a side elevation of the four-wayvalve and the Other objects and advantages will be fully means foroperating the same. Figs. 17 and Z0 explained in the followingdescription, and 18 are cross-sections of the oscillating valve, theinvention will be more fully pointed out illustrating the manner ofmounting the govin the claims. ernor, the views being at right angles toeach 7 Reference is had to the accompanying drawother. Fig. 19 is a planview of the oscillatings, which form a part of this application ingvalve, the valve being cut in half and the 5 and speeification.- entiresurface being shown. Fig. 20 is an Figure 1 is a front elevation of theengine, enlarged cross section of the rotary valve, partly in section, asection being made along showing the manner of locating the igniter. theline .1141 of Fig. 3. Fig. 2 is a broken Fig. 21 is a detail view of theigniter. rear elevation. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sec- Similarcharacters of reference indicate the 3 tion practically along the line3/ g of Fig. 1. same parts throughout the several views.

Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view in perspective of The engine is providedwith four cylinders, the cylinders and the rotary valve-seat for con-(indicated by 1, 2, 3, and 1 in Fig. A.) Each venience in showing thearrangement of the cylinder is provided with a piston. The piscylindersand explaining the operations that tons for cylinders 1 and 4 aremounted on a 35 take place in the cylinders. Fig. 5 is a plan commonpiston-rod 7 and the pistons for cylview of the rotary valve, the valvebeing cut inders 2 and 3 are mounted on a common rod in half and bothhalf-sections being turned to 8. The rods 7 and 8 are provided withsuit- 5 view, and the connecting feed and exhaust able connecting-rods 9and 10, respectively, pipes being indicated. Fig. 6 is a longitudiwhichconnect with a common crank-shaft 11.

4 nal section of the rotary valve, showing the A rotary valve 12 ismounted under the cyloscillating valve and the governor in place.inders. This valve feeds all the cylinders 1,

Figs. 7 and 8 are cross-sections of the engine 2, 3, and 4: withexplosive mixture. Partition- 9 through the explosive-mixture cylindersbepacking 13 is mounted, respectively, between fore the engine has beenreversed, the secthe cylinders 1 and a and 2 and 3, the piston 45 tionsbeing made, respectively, through the rods 7 and 8 running through thesepackings. 4

grooves g, IL, 2', and j, and Z1, 5, m, and 72/ of The two piston-rodsare connected to the Fig. 5, showing relative positions of intakecrank-shaft 11 and the crank-shaft is operated I and exhaust grooves inthe oscillating valve by the piston-rods. A worm-gear 28 is also arefour cylinders arranged adjacent to the" valve-seat 14:, cylinders 1 andt being tandem relative to each other,and so are 2 and 3 tandem relativeto each other. cylinders is separated by the partition-pack ing 13., Thegrooves formed in the periphcry of the valve 12 and the ports in thevalve and in the cylinders are so arranged that the feeding andexhausting of the cylinders will be accomplished successively in eachcylinder. Each operation is fully explained below.

In order to give an idea of the genera-l working of the engine, a briefcomprehensive description will be given here.

Assume that the rotary valve is divided into four segments I, II, III,and IV, as shown in Fig. 4, and these Roman numerals represent the fouroperations-intake, compression, expansion, and exhaust. In each cylinderthere are four operations during each revolution of the valve 12. In anycylinder operation I is the intaking of explosive mixture. Theintake-port is immediately closed by the revolving of the valve, andoperation II, compression, commences.

(It is assumed that each operation lasts or continues during onequarterof a revolution of the valve 12.) After compression commences the valveturns one-quarter of a revolution. The height of compression is reachedat this point and explosion takes place, (explosion is caused by theignition of the mixture or gas,) and operation III, expansion, begins.Another turn of a quarter of a revolution of the valve completes theexpansion and brings the valve to operation IV, the exhaust. Then a newrevolution begins with intake, and so on. The explosion in any cylinderfurnishes en-' ergy for operating all moving parts in or connected tothe other three cylinders. The operations in any cylinder areindependent of or separate from the operations in any other cylinder,but the expansion in each cylinder gives energy for the operation ofeach other Each pair of tandem.

cylinder 2; compression, operation II, is going on in cylinder 3, andexpansion, operation III, is taking place in cylinder 4:.

In cylinder 2 intake operation I is going on while expansion, operationIII, is taking place in cylinder 3; exhaust, operation IV, is going onin cylinder 4:, and compression, operation II, is going on in cylinder1.

In cylinder 3 intake operation I is going on while compression,operation II, is taking place in cylinder 4:; exhaust, operation IV, is

oin on in c linder 1, and ex ansion, o era tion III, is going on incylinder 2.

In cylinder 4 intake operation I is going on while expansion, operationIII, is going on 1n cylinder 1; compression, operation II,is going on incylinder 2, and exhaust, operation IV, is going on in cylinder 3.

The valve 12 is provided with a casing or seat 14, and this seat isprovided with ports 15, which open into the cylinders 1, 2, 3, and

4. Ports 15 are for the admission of the explosive mixture. The rotaryvalve is tubular and conical. The valve 12 being tubular; only oneintake from the carbureter or gas-supply source is necessary. Theexplosive mixture enters the seat 14: through pipe16 and'passes to theinterior of valve 12by'mean s of the groove 1' and the holes s in thegroove. From the interior of valve 12 the explosive mixture enterscylinders 1 and 2 through the opening .or hole 6 into intake-groove it,which passes the ports 15 of cylinders 1 and 2. The explosive mixture iscompressed by the closed space about groove g, the hole u in the groove9 being closed by the blank space 21; on the oscillating valve 17. sionthe explosive mixture is ignited by the igniter w in the expansion-spacez, and the mixture expands during the time that it takes space 71 on therotary valve to pass-below the port 15 of either cylinder which is keptclosed bythis space. At the end of expansion-space exhaust-space j(which extends practically one-fourth around the'rotary valve) allowsthe spent explosivemixture to pass out through the hole y into thegroove 2 in the oscillating valve 17, thence on out throughthe hole 18to groove 10, which connects with exhaust-pipe 0, and on to theatmosphere. Explosive mixture for cylinders 3 and I enters the rotaryvalve 12 through hole .9 from groove 1', which runs over the mouthof theintake-pipe 16, which connects with the car- At the'height of compres-.

niter 21, which is located and insulated in the expansion-groove Z'.This groove Z opens to the port of the cylinder with compressed mixturejust as the height of compression is reached, which allows the explosivemixture to come in contact with the igniter 21, which is situated in thegroove Z. The explosive mixture expands while the space about groove 7cis passing below the port of either cylinder 3 and 4. Then the portofeither cylinder is opened by the groove 1, and the spent explosivemixture passes out through the hole 22, which is located inexhaust-groove 1, and thence on to hole 23 in groove 9 bymeans of thegroove 21 in the oscillating valve 17, which extends below hole 23 andhole 22 of the rotary valve. From groove g the spent explosive mixtureis exhausted through exhaust-pipe 0. It will be seen that the twocylinders, which are laterally adjacent to each other, have a commonintake and a common exhaust. A tabulated statement may make theoperation clearer. In the statement below the numbers indicate thecylinders, and for the cylinders in which simultaneous operations aretakingplace read from left to the right. The names of the operations arein line above cylinder numbers.

The means for controlling the explosive mixture is fully describedabove; The means for controlling the compressed air for reversing andstarting the engine will be described next.

The grooves a and 6 connect with the fourway valve 37 by means of thepipes 50 and 51, respectively. Groove a is connected to grooves c bymeans of grooves e, and groove 1 is connected to grooves (Z by means ofthe groovesf. The grooves care the air-inlets to the ports 25 of thecylinders 5 and 6. The air is exhausted through the same ports throughgrooves (Z and f to groove 5 and out pipe 51 to four-way valve 37, andthence to the air-reservoir through pipe 19 until the desired pressureis secured. It exhausts into the reservoir until the desired supply issecured and then exhausts through the intake of the four-way valve untilthe pressure of the reservoir is reduced below the desired pressure andalso exhausts to the atmosphere through the intake of the four-way valvewhile the engine is being run by compressed air for reversing orstarting purposes. The

engine thus acts as a pump for securing a supply of compressed air, andthe compressed air is stored in the reservoir automatically. Thecylinders 5 and 6, hereinafter called compressed-air cylinders, areformed between the partition-packing 13 in the cylinders and the pistonsin cylinders 3 and 4, and are formed alternately with each other whenthe engine is in operation. \Vhcn the air is below the required pressurein the air-reservoir, the cam-roller 100 on the cam-lever 4:0 is lowered(by means hereinafter described) and engages the cam 27, which ismounted on the shaft 104. The cam 27, when the gearing is in motion,will turn the lever far enough to open the valve 37 -that is, to turnthe plug 9 1 so that air will flow from the atmosphere to theair-cylinders 5 and 6 through the pipe 18, which is screwed into thevalve 37. The air goes to the cylinders 5 and 6 by means of the pipe andis then exhausted back through the valve 37 and through pipe 49 to theair-reservoir. This operation goes on until the desired pressure isreached. \Vhen the air in the reservoir reaches the desired pressure,the air in the reservoir raises the lever 10 by means of theconnecting-rod 103, which is connected to the piston-rod 102. Thepistonrod 102 carries a piston 101, which operates in a cylinder 106.The cylinder 106 may be formed integral with the casting of the valve37. The compressing of the air in the reservoir goes on until thepressure becomes strong enough to raise the lever 4.0 high enough toraise the roller 100 above the cam 27. As soon as the roller 100 missesthe cam 27 the compression of air ceases until the air is used orexhausted enough to let the piston 101 down, and consequently the roller100 down, so that it will again engage the cam 27. The pistons 26 andthe cylinders of the engine are thus used automatically to pump air intothe air-reservoir. The cam 27 is kept constantly in motion by the energyof the engine transmitted through the gearing 28 on the crank-shaft 11,the gearing 29,mounted on shaft 30,and the cog-wheel 31, also mounted onshaft 30. The crank-shaft 11 is driven by the pistons through thepiston-rods and their connections to the shaft 11. The worm gear-wheel28 drives the worm gear-wheel 29 and the shaft 30, which is retaryvalve-shaft 30, and the cogwheel 31. Cog 31 drives coget6,which ismounted on shaft 110. Gog46 drives the cog 17,which is mount ed on shaft101. This shows how the shaft 10a is driven by power transmitted fromthe engine, the gearing referred to being mounted rigidly on the shaftsreferred to. The gearing shown in Fig. 14: is herein called thehill-climbing gear or back gear. This gearing is used for concentratingthe power or speeding up the power, whereby greater power is gained; butthe speed of the carriage or other object being driven by the engine isslower. This gearing will be explained farther on. The camlever 40 isnormally drawn down by means soon as the pressure become great enough toraise this lever 40 high enough to raise the roller 100 above the cam 27the compression of air in the reservoir ceases. It is thus seen how thetension of spring 105 will govern or determine the pressure of theair-reservoir. When the desired pressure is obtained in theair-reservoir, additional pressure will overcome the tension of thespring 105 by means of piston 101 and rod 102 and connecting-rod 103,thus causing the roller 100 to rise above and miss the cam 27 as saidcam is turning on the shaft 104.

The valve-plug 94 is shown in its normal positionthat is, when theengine is not pumping air from cylinders 5 and 6 to the airreservoir. 27has just passed beyond the roller 100, thus allowing spring 107, whichengages cam-lever 40 by means of a slotted stud 108, (which is integralwith lever 40,)to bring cam-lever 40 in position to engage cam 27 again(which position is parallel with the pipe 48, screwed into valve 37, andwith the valve-pipe 109, which is a part of the casting of valve 37) orwhen the air in the reservoir has overbalanced the tension on the spring105 by means of the piston 101, &c., whereby the cam-roller 100 israised above the cam 27. When the camroller 100 is once disengaged fromthe cam 27, the piston crank-shaft 11 will make eight revolutions beforethe cam roller 100 engages the cam 27 again, because the crankshaftgear-wheel 28 makes two revolutions to one of the rotary-valve gear 29.This speed is transmitted through cog 31 to the hill-climbing gear 46.Thus the speed of the rotaryvalve gear 29 is transmitted through gear 46to gear 47 which is of the ratio of one to four of gear 46, the gear 47being keyed to the shaft 104, on which cam 27 is mounted.

The valve 37 is provided with four openings. Three111, 112, and 113arethreaded for receiving threaded pipes 51, 50, and 48, respectively. Thepipe49 is screwed into L-pipe 109, which is integral with the valve-seatcasting 37, the pipe 49 being connected with the air-reservoir. Thecylinder 106 is integral with the L- pipe 109 and constitutes theair-cylinder in which piston 101 is mounted for controlling the pressureof the air-reservoir. The spring 107 is mounted in the stud 32. Thisspring is for holding the roller 100 against either side of the cam 27.When the cam 27 engages the roller 100 of the lever 40,the plug 94 isturned crosswise, the four openings of valve 37, as shown by dottedlines in Fig. 15, thus con- The tension of the spring I This may beeither when the cam necting the openings 112 and 113 of the valve 37with the pipes 50 and 48 for takingiair from the atmosphere to cylinders5 and'6and connecting the openings 111 and 109 with pipes 51 and 49,whereby the air is forced from cylinders 5 and 6 to the air-reservoir.

The power of the engine is applied through shaft 110, beveled gear-wheel35,which is rigidly mounted on said shaft, the beveled gearwheel '34,which is rigidly mounted on the shaft 33, and through the knuckle-joint52; but the power may be applied in any other suitable manner. Greaterspeed may be secured for the shaft 110 in the following manner: The cog46 is mounted loosely on the shaft 110 and is normally made rigidtherewith by the clutch 43, the clutch-jaw of clutch 43 meshing with theclutch-jaw 42 being thrown in mesh therewith by means of thelever 118,which is attached to the pivot-post 120,which carries the clutch-yoke55. The clutch-yoke 55 carries antifriction-rollers 56, which bearagainst the walls of the groove 57 in theclutch 43. Cogs 47 and 44 arekeyed to the shaft 104, and cog 45 is loosely mounted on the shaft 110.Power is transmitted to the cog 46 from the rotary-valve shaft 30. Whenit is necessary to use greater speed,the clutch 43 is shifted fromclutch-jaw 42, which is integral with cog 46 to clutch-jaw 41, which isintegral with the cog 45. Power is transmitted to the cog 46 from therotary-valve shaft 30, but not directly to the shaft 110, as it isnormally done, but through the cog 47, shaft 104, cogs 44 and 45 toshaft 110. The speed is gained by reason of the difference in the sizeof the gearing.

The drawings show the rotary valve 12 provided with a seat or casing 14,which is shown integral with thecylinders 1 and 2 and 3 and 4. Thecasing is shown beneath the cylinders, which are adjacent to each other;but the arrangement may be different, as the valve and the casing may beplaced above the cylinders. The cylinders and the valve- IIC seat 14 areprovided with radiating flanges 58 I for cooling purposes. The caps 59may be bolted or otherwise attached to the cylinders 3 and 4. The rotaryvalve 12 is provided with a cap 60, which is secured thereto byscrew-bolts. This cap is provided with a sleeve 61, in which issecuredthe rotary-valve shaft 30 by means of the screw-bolt 62.

The engine is provided with a frame consisting of .the base 63, the sidewalls 64, and thetop of the frame 66. The front end of the engine isprovided with an offset or ledge 65,which is for supporting the bearing67 for the rotary-valve shaft 30. The bearings 68 for the crank-shaft 11are mounted ontop of the frame. The back wall 69 of the frame is made intwo parts and provided with hinges 70, by which the upper and lowerparts are secured together and by which the engine may be tilted backfor convenience in making examination, cleaning, 8:0. The base 63 may beattached to any suitable support.

The engine is provided with an oscillating valve 17, mounted in thetubular rotary valve 12 for reversing purposes. The oscillating valvecarries the governor for controlling the supply of explosive mixture.The governor consists of two blocks 71, having each a curved surface forclosing the ports a in the rotary valve 12 or partly closing said ports.These blocks are attached to the oscillating valve by means ofspring-arms 72, these arms being secured to the oscillating valve bymeans of screws 7 3 and to the blocks or Weights 71 by means of staples7 4. Tith the weights th'us arranged on spring-arms the centrifugalforce will cause the blocks or weights 71 to approach more or less neartheports s and more or less close these ports, and thus regulate theamount of explosive mixture that is passing from the interior of therotary valve to the cylinder. The weights are themselves controlled bythe yoke 7 5. This yoke is slidable on the spring-arms 72 and may be setcloser to the weights 71 or farther from these weights by means of therod 150, which passes through the screw 79. If the yoke is placed nearthe weights, they will not be thrown outwardly toward the ports 8, butif placed farther away from the weights there will be more of the armsleft to spring and allow the weights to be thrown outwardly toward theports .9. The means for permitting the valve 17 to oscillate within thevalve 12 are shown in Fig. 6. The oscillating valve has a groove 76therein and the rotary valve carries a set-screw 77, which projects inthe groove 76, so that the oscillating valve can oscillate only to thelength of the groove 76, which groove extends practically one-quarteraround the oscillating valve. The screw 77 prevents longitudinal motionof the oscillating valve within the rotary valve. The oscillating valve17 consists of a single piece of metal. A kerf 78 is cut in each end ofthe oscillating valve 17 and the ends of the valve may be expanded bymeans of screws 79. On each side of the longitudinal central part of theoscillating valve two cut-outs 80 are made, in one of which the weights71 0perate. The oscillating valve 17 is made adjustable in the rotaryvalve 12 by means of rod 150, and the rotary valve is made adjustable inthe seat 14 by means of the nuts 81. The valve 17 is not oscillatedrelative to the engine-cylinders, but relative to the rotary valve. Theoscillating valve is provided principally for reversing purposes. Thevalve is not really oscillated, but only held stationary for a shorttime until the rotary valve turns practically one-quarter around. Thisis done by means of a gripping device. (Shown in Fig. 2.) A casting orfrog 82 is bolted to the flange 5 1 on the end of the valve-seat 1 1.This frog has a clamp 83, and one end of a band-clamp 81 is secured inthis clamp and passed around the end of the oscillating valve 17 andthen secured pivotally to a lever 85. which is fulcrumed on the end wall69 of the frame for the engine, the strap. band, or clamp passingthrough the clamp 83 on the frog 82. Apull on the lever 85 will causethe band-clamp to grasp the oscillating valve and hold the samestationary. An arm 86 is pivotally mounted on the frame for moving theoscillating valve axially or giving lineal motion to the valve. This armis convenient for adjusting the oscillating valve. The arm is bifurcatedand carries two rollers 87, which prevent friction on the oscillatingvalve, the rollers resting in a groove in the oscillating valve.

To reverse the engine-valve, the end of the oscillating valve is grippedby the band-clutch 84. This holds the oscillating valve stationary whilethe energy of the engine drives the rotary valve a fraction of arevolution far enough to convert the exhaust-spaces intocompression-spaces, and vice versa. This is accomplished in the firstinstance by the exhaust-port 1 in the rotary valve sliding over theblank space 88 of the oscillating valve, which changes the exhaust-spacein the rotary valve into the compression-space. This statement isrelative to the cylinders 1 and During the same time the exhaust andcompression spaces for cylinders 3 and 1 on the other end of the rotaryvalve change by the exhaust port 22 assuming position over the blankspace 89 in the oscillating valve. In Fig. 7 the compression-space orthe space 1 about groove 9 is converted into the exhaust by the port abeing opened by the exhaustgroove 90, as shown in Fig. 9. The same thingis accomplished in cylinders 3 and 4 by the other end of the valve, asshown by Figs. 8 and 10. The port 20 in the compressionspace on andabout groove 1; assumes position over the exhaust groove 91. Theintakegroove 92 of Figs. 7 and 9 in the oscillating valve connects withthe explosive mixture in the rotary valve and reaches far enough aroundthe oscillating valve to allow port t in intakegroove 7:, of rotaryvalve to remain open after the rotary valve has changed its position.The same is true of'groove of Figs. 8 and 10. The expansion-spaces aboutgroove 2? in Fig. 7 and groove 1' in Fig. 8 remain the same while theengine is running in either direction. 7

The igniters :1: and 21 are located in the portions of the wall of therotary valve representing expansion-spaces. and the grooves 93 of Figs.7 and 9 and 94: of Figs. 8 and 10 allow free movement in changing forreversing purposes-that is, allow free movement of the rotary valverelative to the oscillating Valve without injuring the igniters, theigniters being located in the grooves i and Z: of the rotary valve. Theigniters consist of platinum wires, one end of which is fastened to therotary valve 12 by means of a screw 96 (this connects the wire with theentire frame of the engine) and the other end secured between the nut 97and the bushing 98, which consists of some insulating material. nut 97is screwed on a conductor-rod 99, which connects with an insulated ring115, mounted on the oscillating valve 17. Aspringpressed brush 116 isprovided for connecting the ring 115 with the frame of the engine.

This brush is mounted in a casting 117, which is bolted to the endflange 54 of the valve-seat l4. Conductor-rods 99 connect both igniterswith the insulated ring 115, the grooves 93 and 94 in the oscillatingvalve allowing 0r affording a passage-way for the rods. The central partof the oscillating valve is made smaller than the parts toward the endsthereof. Consequently no groove in the oscillating valve at the centralpart thereof is necessary for the passage of the conductor-rod from theigniter m, which is located in the rotary valve at the opposite end fromthe insulating-ring 115. The changes of the mechanism for controllingthe explosive mixture which take place when the engine is reversed havebeen described above. The changes which take place in the mechanism forcontrolling the compressed air are simple. The engine ceases to explodethe gasolene or other explosive mixture as soon as the oscillating valveis checked long enough for the rotary valve to turn the requisitedistance about the oscillating valve, because this operation cuts outthe igniters. The explosive energy. of the engine being dead, the airwhen suitably directed will cause b to pipe 51, and thence on throughvalve 37.

and pipe 49 to air-reservoir. As soon as the valves have been shifted,as above described,

the four-way valve 37 is opened by means .of.

a lever 121. This opening of the valve 37 causes the lever 40 to set theroller 100 in a position over the center of the shaft 104 ofthehill-climbing gear slightly beyond the center of cam 27, which is thesame relative distance from the point of the cam before the engine wasreversed, but on the-opposite side of the cam. This will allow the airfrom the reservoir to pass back throughthe pipe 49, valve 37, and pipe51, (just the opposite of the direction and through the same course itwas passing a moment before the engine was reversed.)

' From pipe 51 the air enters groove 6, thence this operation theopenings 113 and 111 of the The r valve 37 become intake for thecylinders 5 and opening 112 and pipe 109 becomeexhaust to theair-reservoir. The compressed air may be used in the same way forstarting the engine, the pistonsbeing moved by the force of thecompressed air. -As soon as the pistons have operated to rotate therotary valve far enough to expose the igniters to the explosive mixturethere is nonecessity of any power from the. compressed air.

The lever 118 for operating the clutch 43 is I fulcrumed on a pivot-post120, being made rigid with said post, and. arm 55 is rigidly mounted onsaid post and provided with arms which carry the rollers 56. Anysuitable arrangement of levers may be provided for operating the clutch43.

The ring 115 is insulated from the rotary valve 12 by means ofinsulation 122 and from' the oscillating valve 17 by means of insula- Agroove 124 may be made near tion 123. p the end of the oscillating valve17 for the, strap-clutch 84, and a groove 125 may be made in this valvefor the rollers 87 of the arm 86.

The operation seems to be suificiently described above. The igniters areto be charged with electricity from any suitable battery, and the pipe16 is to be connected to a suitable carbureter for supplying the enginewith explosive mixture. When there is no supply of compressed air, theengine will have to be: started by rotating the valve by hand by somesuitable crank or by simply grasping of explosive mixture. Thecompressed air:

runs in grooves prepared in the surface of, the rotary valve, but doesnot go to the interior of the rotaryvalve.

Various other changes may be made without departing from my invention.

Having fully described my invention,what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, isp V 1. A multiple-cylinder engine comprisinga plurality of cylinders each being provided with a piston and apiston-rod, a co'mmon crank-shaft operated by said pistons a rotaryvalve provided with a suitable shaft, operative mechanism by which saidvalve is rotated by said crank-shaft and a gear-wheel mounted on saidvalve-shaft for transmitting the power of the engine.

2. An engine comprising a plurality of cylinders, each cylinderbeingprovided with a piston-rod and a piston, a common crank-shaftoperatively connected to said piston-rods, a valve-seat integral withsaid cylinders, a rotary tubular valve mounted in said seat, gearing bywhich said valve is rotated, and means by which said cylinders are fedwith explosive mixture from the interior of said valve.

3. An engine comprising a plurality of cylinders provided with suitablepistons and piston-rods, a rotary valve in operative connection withsaid cylinders provided with a seat integral with said cylinders and asuitable shaft, a common crank-shaft operated by said pistons, gearingby which said valve is 1'0- tated by said shaft, and gearing mounted onsaid valve-shaft for transmitting the power of the engine.

4. An engine comprising a plurality of cylinders provided with suitablepistons and piston-rods, a rotary tubular valve provided with a seatadjacent to said cylinders and a shaftoperative means by which saidvalve is rotated by said pistons and gearing mounted on said valve-shaftfor transmitting the power of the engine; said cylinders having suitableports communicating with said valve-casing and said valve beingtubularand havingsuitable intake and exhaust grooves and ports for feeding saidcylinders with explosive mixture from the interior of said valve.

5. An engine comprising a plurality of cylinders provided with suitablepiston and piston-rods, a rotary tubular'valve for feeding saidcylinders, a seat for said valve having a port to each of said cylindersand intake and exhaust ports to said valve, said valve having a grooveand anintake-port therein for receiving explosive mixture within saidvalve and suitable intake grooves and ports and exhaustgrooves wherebyexplosive mixture is fed to said cylinders and spent mixture isexhausted from said cylinders, all of said grooves being in theperiphery of said valve, and means whereby said valve is rotated by saidpistons.

6. An engine comprising a plurality of cylinders provided with suitablepistons and piston-rods, a rotary valve tubular and conical in shape, aseat for said valve adjacent to said cylinders having ports incommunication with said cylinders, and operative means by which saidvalve is rotated by said pistons, said valve having a groove and a portfor receiving explosive mixture therein, common intake and exhaust portsand grooves being provided in said valve whereby the cylinders laterallyadjacent to each other are fed with the explosive mixture from theinterior of said valve and whereby said valve exhausts said cylinders.

7. An engine comprising a plurality of cylinders provided with suitablepistons and piston-rods, a rotary tubular valve for feeding saidcylinders a seat for said valve adjacent to said cylinders saidcylinders and said seat being formed integral, operative means forconnecting said valve and said piston-rods whereby said valve is rotatedby said pistons means mounted in said rotary valve for controlling thesupply of explosive mixture to said cylinders and igniters mounted inthe periphery of said valve for igniting the explosive mixture in saidcylinders.

8. An engine comprising a plurality of cylinders provided with suitablepistons and piston-rods, a rotary tubular valve adjacent to all of saidcylinders and provided with a shaft, and operative means for connectingsaid valveshaft and said pistons, said valve being provided with intakeand exhaust. ports communicating with said cylinders, means forconverting the intake-ports to exhaust-ports for reversing theengine,and means for automatically maintaining a supply of compressed air to beused for reversing and starting purposes.

9. An engine comprising a plurality of cylinders provided with suitablepistons and piston-rods, a rotary valve provided with suitable gearingby which said valve is rotated by said pistons, said valve beingprovided with means for feeding and exhausting said cylinders, and anoscillating valve mounted in said rotary valve for reversing the engine.

10. An engine comprising a plurality of cylinders provided with suitablepistons and piston-rods, a rotary tubular valve provided with suitablegearing whereby said valve is rotated by said pistons a valve-seatintegral with said cylinders, means for feeding said cylinders withexplosive mixture through said valve, means carried in said valve forcontrolling the supply of explosive mixture and means'carried in theperiphery of said valve for igniting the explosive mixture in each ofsaid cylinders in succession whereby the energy created by explosion ineach cylinder is utilized to drive the said valve for feeding the nextcylinder.

11. An engine comprising a plurality of tandem cylinders arranged inpairs, pistons for said cylinders, piston-rods for said pistons, thepistons of the tandem cylinders having their pistons mounted on a commonpistonrod, a crank-shaft engaged by said piston-rods, a rotary valve forfeeding said cylinders, a valve-seat integral with all ofsaid cylinders,and gearing by which said valve is rotated by said pistons.

12. An engine comprising a plurality of cylinders in pairs, a rotarytubular valve for feeding said cylinders, a seat for said valve integralwith said cylinders, the cylinders longitudinally adjacent to each otherhaving a common piston-rod and each having a piston mounted on said rod,a single crank-shaft having suitable bearings, all of the piston-rodsbeing connected to said crank-shaft, gearing by which said shaft drivessaid rotary valve,

and means for supplying said valve with explosive mixture.

13. In an engine composed of a plurality of cylinders provided withsuitable pistons, and piston-rods; a valve-seat in operative connectionand integral with said cylinders, a rotary piston-rods; a-valve-seatintegral with and having ports to said cylinders, a rotary valve tubularin structure and mounted in said seat, means for rotating said valve,means for directing explosive mixture to the interior of said valve,said valve having intake and exhaust grooves in the periphery thereofand intake and exhaust ports in said grooves, and exhaust-pipes fordischarging the spent explosive mixture.

1 5. In an engine composed of a plurality of cylinders provided withsuitable pistons and piston-rods; a tubular valve-seat adjacent to andintegral with said cylinders and having ports to said cylinders, atubular'valve mounted in said seat and constructed with suitable groovesand ports for feeding and exhausting said cylinders, means for feedingand exhausting said valve, operative means by which said valve isrotated by said pistons, and means carried in the periphery of saidvalve for igniting the explosive mixture.

16. In an engine composed of a plurality of cylinders provided withsuitable pistons and piston-rods; a tubular valve-seat adjacent to saidcylinders provided with ports to said cylinders, a tubular valve mountedin said seat provided with suitable ports and grooves for feeding andexhausting said cylinders, means carried by said rotary valve forigniting the explosive mixture in said cylinders, and an oscillatingvalve mounted in said rotary valve for reversing said engine.

' 17 In an engine provided with a plurality of cylinders provided withsuitable pistons and piston-rods, a rotary valve and means for rotatingsaid valve by said pistons; a valve-seat for said valve having portsleading to said cylinders and suitable ports for supplying andexhausting said valve, said valve having ports, leading from theinterior thereof to grooves in the periphery thereof for supplying saidcylinders with explosive mixture and similar ports and grooves forexhausting the spent mixture from said cylinders and means carried inthe periphery of said valve for igniting the explosive mixture.

18. In an engine provided with a plurality of cylinders and a rotarytubular valve for feeding said cylinders with explosive mixture and forexhausting the spent explosive mixture; a pipe for supplying said valvewith explosive mixture, and means mounted in said valve for regulatingthe amount of explosive mixture fed by said valve to said cylinders.

19. In an engine provided with a plurality of cylinders and a rotarytubular valve adapted to feed said cylinders with explosive mixture andto exhaust said cylinders of spent explosive mixture; means forsupplying said valve with explosive mixture, an oscillating valvecarried in said rotary valve'for reversing purposes, and means carriedby said oscillating valve for regulating the supply of explosive mixturefed to said cylinders by said rotary valve.

20. In an engine provided with a plurality of cylinders and a rotarytubular valve adapted to feed said cylinders with explosive mixture andto exhaust said cylinders of the spent mixture; means for supplying saidvalve with explosive mixture, an oscillating valvecar ried in saidrotary valve for reversing purposes, means carried by said oscillatingvalve for governing the supply of explosive mixture fed to saidcylinders by said rotary valve, and means carried in the periphery ofsaid rotary valve for ignitingsaid explosive mixture in said cylinders.5

21. In an engine provided with a plurality of cylinders and a rotarytubular valve adapted to feed said cylinders with the explosive mixtureand to exhaust said cylinders of spent mixture; means for supplying saidrotary valve with explosive mixture, and means carried in said valve forigniting the explosive mixture in said cylinders consisting'of a wiremounted in the periphery thereof for carrying a current of electricity,an insulated rod' mounted within said valve and connected to one end ofsaid Wire, the other end of said wire being connected to said valve andconsequently to the entire engine, and means for making electricalconnection with said rod and the engine.

22. In an engine provided with a plurality of cylinders and a rotarytubular valve adapted to feed said cylinders with explosive mixture andto exhaust said cylinders of spent mixture; means for supplying saidvalve with explosive mixture, means carried by said valve for ignitingthe explosive mixture in said cylinders, means for shifting the positionof said valve long enough to cut'ofi explosive mixture from saidigniting means whereby the energy of the engine ceases and meansoperated by said valve for reversing the engine.

23. In an engine provided with a plurality of cylinders and a rotarytubular valve adapted to feed said cylinders with explosive mixture andto exhaust said cylinders of spent mixture; means for supplying saidvalve with explosive mixture, means carried by said valve for ignitingthe explosive mixture in said cylinders, an oscillating valve mountedinsaid rotary valve, means for shifting the position of said valvesrelative to each other whereby the explosive mixture is out off fromsaid igniting means and in consequence the energy of the engine ischecked, and means for reversing the engine.

24:. In an engine provided with a plurality of cylinders anda rotarytubular valve adapted to feed said cylinders with explosive mixture andto exhaust said cylinders of spent mixture: means supplying said valvewith explosive mixture, an oscillatingvalve mounted in said valve, andmeans for regulating the supply of explosive mixture, fed to saidcylinders by said rotary valve consisting of weights for closing theintake-ports and spring-arms for attachingsaid weights to saidoscillating valve.

In an engine provided with a plurality of cylinders and a rotarytubularvalve adapted to feed said cylinders with explosive mixture and toexhaust said cylinders of spent mixture; means for supplying said valvewith explosive mixture, an oscillating \"alvemount ed in said rotaryvalve, and means for regulating the supply of explosive mixture fed tosaid cylinders by said rotary valve consisting of weights for closing orpartly closing the intake-port from said rotary valve to said cylinders,springarms attached to said oscillating valve and carrying said weightsand a yoke mounted on said arms for regulating the motion of saidweights.

26. In an engine provided with a plurality of cylinders and a rotaryvalve adapted to feed said cylinders with explosive mixture and toexhaust said cylinders of spent mixture; means for igniting theexplosive mixture in said cylinders consisting of a wire car ried in theperiphery of said valve and having one end thereof connected to saidvalve and consequently to the engine-frame, an insulated rod mountedwithin said valve and connected to the other end of said Wire, aninsulated ring to which said rod is connected, and means for makingelectrical connections with said ring and the frame of the engine.

27. In an engine provided with a plurality of cylinders and a rotaryvalve adapted to feed said cylinders with explosive mixture and toexhaust said cylinders of spent mixture; means carried in the peripheryof said valve for igniting the explosive mixture in said cylinders,means for cutting the explosive mixture off from said igniting means,suitable compressed-air cylinders, and means for admitting compressedair through said valve into the compressed-air cylinders for reversingthe engine.

28. In an engine provided with a plurality of tandem cylinders providedwith suitable pistons and a rotary valve adapted to feed said cylinderswith explosive mixture and to exhaust said cylinders of spent mixture;intermittent compressed-air cylinders in each rear cylinder in front ofits piston and means for admitting compressed air to saidcompressei'l-air cylinders for reversing the engine.

2%). In an engine provided with a plurality of cylinders and a rotaryvalve adapted to feed said cylinders with explosive mixture and toexhaust said cylinders of spent mixture; compressed-air cylindersadjacent to said valve and in front of the pistons of the rear cylindersand means for admitting compressed air through the periphery of saidvalve to said compressed-air cylinders for reversing purposes.

30. In an engine provided with a plurality of tandem cylinderspartition-packing between the front and rear cylinders and a rotaryvalve adapted to feed said cylinders with explosive mixture and toexhaust said cylinders of spent mixture; a compressed-air cylinderalternately formed between the partition-packing and the piston in eachrear cylinder, mcans carried in the periphery of said valve for ignitingthe explosive mixture in said cylinders, means for cutting the explosivemixture ofl from said igniting means, and means for admitting compressedair through the periphery of said valve into said con1pressionair-cylinders.

31. In an engine provided With a plurality of tandem cylinderspartition-packing between the front and rear cylinders and a rotaryvalve adapted to feed said cylinders with explosive mixture and toexhaust said cylinders of spent mixture; 'means for formingcompressed-air cylinders between the partition-packing and the piston ofthe rear cylinders; means for accumulating a supply of compressed airautomatically by the energy of said engine, and means for admittingcompressed air to said compressed-air cylinders through the periphery ofsaid valve for reversing purposes.

32. An engine comprising a plurality of tandem cylinders for receivingexplosive mixture, means for forming compressed-air cylinders betweenthe partitions, a rotary tubular valve for feeding and exhausting saidcylinders, means for supplying explosive mixture to the interior of saidvalve, an oscillating valve mounted in said rotary valve, said valveshaving peripheral grooves therein and said rotary valve having suitableports for feeding explosive mixture to the explosivemixture cylindersand similar grooves and ports for exhausting spent mixture, said rotaryvalve having peripheral grooves for feeding and exhausting compressedair to and from said compresscdair cylinders, means for rotating saidrotary valve, a shaft keyed to said valve and suitable mechanism fortransmitting the energy of said cylinders to said shaft, means carriedby said rotary valve for igniting the explosive mixture in saidcylinders and means for reversing said engine consisting of a clutch forshifting the positions of said valves relative to each other and a valvefor turning compressed air to said rotary valve.

33. An engine comprising a plurality of cylinders, a tubular rotaryvalve for feeding explosive mixture to said cylinders and exhaustingspent mixture from said cylinders, means for supplying explosive mixtureto the interior of said valve, means for rotating said valve, said valvehaving intake-grooves in the periphery thereof and ports from theinterior thereof to said grooves whereby explosive mixture is fed tosaid cylinders, said cylinders being provided with suitable ports, saidrotary valve having suitable ports and grooves 'for exhausting spentmixture from said cylinders, an oscillating valve mounted in said"rotary valve and provided with grooves to ders, a rotary tubular valvemounted in said 'seat and adapted to feed said cylinders with explosivemixture and to exhaust spent mix- 'ture from said cylinders, means fordriving said valve whereby said valve delivers explosive mixture to saidcylinders in succession, 'means for forming compressed-am cylindersfbetween the packing and the pistons 1n the rear cylinders for startingand reversing purposes, said valve being adapted to feed compressed airto said compressed-air cylinders and to exhaust air from said cylinders,an oscillating valve mounted in said rotary valve 'and provided withmeans for directing and regulating the supply of explosive mixture 'fedto said cylinders by said rotary valve, said rotary valve carrying meansfor igniting the explosive mixture in said cylinders, and means 'forshifting the positions of said valves relative to each other whereby theengine may be reversed, by compressed air.

35. An engine provided with a plurality of cylinders, a rotary valve forfeeding said cylinders with explosive mixture, said cylinders beingprovided with suitable pistons and piston-rods, a crank-shaft, saidpiston-rods connected to said crank-shaft, a worm gear-wheel mounted onsaid shaft, a shaft connected to said rotary valve, a worm-gear mountedon said shaft and meshing with said first-named gear, whereby said valveis driven by the energy from said cylinders, said valve being tubularand conical in shape, a seat for said valve, means for adjusting saidvalve in said seat, gearing for transmitting the power of said enginefrom said valve-shaft, and means for varying the speed of said gearing.

36. An engine comprising a plurality of tandem cylinders provided withsuitable pistons and piston-rods, a rotary valve for feeding saidcylinders with explosive mixture, a common crankshaft, said piston-rodsbeing connected to said shaft, a valve-shaft connected to said valve,suitable gearing by which the energy of said cylinders is transmitted tosaid valve-shaft for rotating said valve and for applying to the objectto be driven, gearing for transmitting the power of the engine, meansfor varying the speed of said gearing, a pump for compressing air,suitable gearing for automatically operating said pump by the energy ofthe engine, means for forming compressed-air cylinders between thepacking and the pistons in the rear cylinders and means for admittingcompressed air to said cylinders for reversing and starting purposes.

In testimony whereof I set my hand, in the presence of two witnesses,this 5th day of April, 1901.

EDWIN L. RUSSELL. Witnesses:

J. B. WENSLETT, A. L. JAoKsoN.

